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The results of surveys and DNA analysis of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) and tutsan rust...

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The results of surveys and DNA analysis of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) and tutsan rust (Melampsora hypericorum) in New Zealand and Europe

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Title	The results of surveys and DNA analysis of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) and tutsan rust (Melampsora hypericorum) in New Zealand and Europe
Author	Gourlay, Hugh; Rendell, Elizabeth; Olsen, Elena; Groenteman, Ronny; Probst, Chantal; Padamsee, Mahajabeen; Bellgard, Stanley; Goeke, Dagmar
Conference or Meeting	XIV International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 2-7 March 2014
Permanent Link (URL)	http://doi.org/10.7931/DL1W88
Date	2014
Citation	Gourlay H, Rendell E, Olsen E, Groenteman R, Probst C, Padamsee M, Bellgard S, Goeke D 2014. The results of surveys and DNA analysis of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) and tutsan rust (Melampsora hypericorum) in New Zealand and Europe. In: Impson FAC, Kleinjan CA, Hoffmann JH eds. Proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Kruger National Park, South Africa, 2-7 March 2014. Pp. 89–92.
DOI	doi:10.7931/DL1W88
Keywords	tutsan; Hypericum androsaemum; Melampsora hypericorum; biocontrol; genotype
Abstract	The cost of tutsan, Hypericum androsaemum (Clusiaceae), in the Ruapehu District, North Island, New Zealand (NZ), calculated from a 2010 survey of farmers, was estimated at around NZ$1.2 million per annum while the loss in current land values could be as high as NZ$27 million. Tutsan now affects 150 000 ha in the Ruapehu District threatening the economic sustainability of farms and forestry operations and degrading the conservation status. Roadsides, river and stream margins are affected and act as invasion corridors. Tutsan is also found, and is of concern, in seven other regions throughout NZ. A natural enemy already known to attack tutsan in NZ and in Australia will be studied further. Tutsan rust, Melampsora hypericorum, was first recorded in NZ in the early 1950s. It is not known how the rust reached NZ, where its impact is highly variable. The reason for this is not known and needs to be investigated. Tutsan is a polyploidy plant (i.e. it has variable numbers of sets of chromosomes) and this could be the reason for its inconsistent impact. Because there is no current suitable chemical control method and because mechanical control is impracticable, biocontrol is now the only long-term sustainable means of slowing the spread of tutsan and reducing its impact. A community group was formed to source funding to look at the feasibility of the biological control of tutsan. Recommendations from this study suggested further work should be done to look for potential biocontrol agents in Europe. Further funding was then sourced to survey tutsan in NZ and in Europe. This project resulted in documentation of the density, mapped the locations of tutsan plant populations in NZ, estimated the economic cost of tutsan to NZ, and also led to the analysis of the DNA of the plant and of rust populations present in NZ and in Europe.
Extent	4 pages
Related URL	http://www.isbcw2014.uct.ac.za
Type	Conference Item - Paper
Format	application/pdf
Rights	Copyright position unknown. Not to be shared or stored beyond Landcare Research.
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The results of surveys and DNA analysis of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) and tutsan rust (Melampsora hypericorum) in New Zealand and Europe

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